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Policy Research Reports

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  A Study on the Regulations and Laws Governing the Development of the Last-mile Logistics Industry in Korea

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  • Abstract
  May 31, 2021 Yeon-Joo Min, Jee-Sun Lee, So-Young Jang, Min-Seong Shin

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  With the expansion of e-commerce and m-commerce markets, the last-mile logistics industry is growing rapidly. However, it is difficult to implement policies systematically in the last-mile logistics industry because of insufficient legal and institutional bases. In addition, many social issues are encountered in the industry, such as poor working conditions and unfair contractual relationships. Therefore, there is need for a policy to support the last-mile logistics industry based on the market situation.
  Against this background, the 「Last-mile Logistics Service Industry Development Act」 was enacted and is scheduled to be enforced on July 27, 2021. However, no specific regulations have been prepared for matters entrusted to subordinate statutes.
  The purpose of this study is to prepare a subordinate statute (draft) of the 「Last-mile Logistics Service Industry Development Act」 for strengthening the protection of workers in the industry and for industrial development. To this end, environmental analysis of the last-mile logistics service industry and structural analysis of the 「Last-mile Logistics Service Industry Development Act」 were performed.
  Finally, 48 articles of the Enforcement Decree (draft) and 8 articles of the Enforcement Rule (draft) were prepared, as were 5 tables and 14 attached sheets.

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  Future Prospects of Transportation System Based on Autonomous Vehicles and Policy Recommendations

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  January 31, 2021 Kyuok KIM, Youngjun Moon, Youngkook Kim, Seokjoo LEE, SunA CHO

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  The propose of this research is for projecting future shape of transportation system when it has fully adopted autonomous vehicles and provide policy recommendations for promoting the technology.
  To conjecture the longer term scenarios of mobility and supporting infrastructure, this research first reviewed social and economic trends as well as human behaviors on utilizing current vehicles and mobility services.
  Second, this research reviewed autonomous vehicles, relevant mobility services and infrastructure technologies for drawing long term technical trends of the industry.
  Third, it reviewed government polices in major countries that promoting autonomous vehicle development for confirming the level of determination of global community for developing autonomous vehicles.
  Through the process, authors found that the consumer of mobility services and vehicles might willing to use the technologies if the technologies suite their needs. Also, the industry grasped consumer needs and get the autonomous vehicles and mobility services be prepared based on the technology. Furthermore, authors found that the technology posed huge potential for economic leap when it reached a tipping point. Due to the economic potential, the governments in global communities are determine to support the industries for promoting the technologies.
  Lastly, this research suggested strategies for advancing in autonomous vehicle technologies and developing mobility services.

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  How to Coordinate Road Safety Improvement Projects In a Local Government

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  December 31, 2020 Sangjin HAN, Kijong Eom

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  Road safety improvement projects in local governments are various in Korea including black spot improvement, school zone, pedestrian zone, village zone projects etc. They have contributed to improving road safety in local governments since 1988. However, we have not considered synergy effect which can be promoted by coordinating or integrating various road safety improvement projects. This study aims at showing how to coordinate these projects in a certain urban area to prevent road crashes and to reduce the severity of casualties and damages. The study has classified road safety improvement projects in operation in terms of points, routes, and areas. For the projects in the point scope, it has included black spot improvement and roundabout projects. For those in the route scope, it has included school zone, silver zone, pedestrian priority street, and village zone projects. In terms of area scope, it has included pedestrian priority areas and Safe Speed 5030 projects. It has also identified some advantages of coordinating road safety improvement projects such as reduction of accident migration, identification of area-wide crash characteristics, overall cost reduction and more crash reduction, and better consideration of vulnerable road users such as children, the elderly, and bicyclists.
  There are some consideration points to coordinate road safety improvement projects effectively. It should first decide which team is responsible for the coordination work in the local government office. It can be a road safety team preferably. Secondly, the list of road safety improvement projects which can be integrated should be identified. Thirdly the spatial boundary of candidate areas where road safety improvement projects will be coordinated. Fourthly the priority of areas for coordinated project implementation should be decided since the local government cannot deal with all candidate areas at a time. Fifthly detailed coordination plans need to be set up for each candidate areas. Then selected road safety improvement projects to need to be implemented at designated areas as planned. The example coordination plan in a selected area in Sonpa-gu in Seoul shows that the overall road safety in this area will be significantly improved if pedestrian priority street, black spot improvement, Safe Speed 5030 projects can be coordinated in the area.

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  Improving Review Procedure of Transport Impact Assessment in Korea

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  • Abstract
  December 23, 2020 Kyunga PARK, Taeyoon PARK

  The Transport Impact Assessment System was designated since 1987 to reduce inconvenience such as traffic congestion by predicting the impact of development and construction projects in advance and establishing improvement measures. The current system has attained institutional achievements by estimating the volume of traffic induced by projects, managing the congestion of the surrounded road network and maintaining the accessive traffic flow system. However, among the projects those have been evaluated recently, problems arose about the reliability of the system due to intensified traffic congestion and civil complaints.

  
  
  

  The process of current transport impact assessment requires more reliability of the transport generation unit and sufficient period for review of traffic demand forecast. In particular, problematic large-scale development and construction projects, should involve a professional review of the influence despite of delays and civil complaints.

  
  
  

  The author presents improvement of procedures for transport impact analysis based on review of similar domestic and foreign systems such as environmental impact assessment, metropolitan transport improvement measures. and suggest the professional review procedure with the stage, period, target project, review contents for development of reliability of transport impact assessment system.

  
  

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  The Transport Impact Assessment System was designated since 1987 to reduce inconvenience such as traffic congestion by predicting the impact of development and construction projects in advance and establishing improvement measures. The current system has attained institutional achievements by estimating the volume of traffic induced by projects, managing the congestion of the surrounded road network and maintaining the accessive traffic flow system. However, among the projects those have been evaluated recently, problems arose about the reliability of the system due to intensified traffic congestion and civil complaints.
  The process of current transport impact assessment requires more reliability of the transport generation unit and sufficient period for review of traffic demand forecast. In particular, problematic large-scale development and construction projects, should involve a professional review of the influence despite of delays and civil complaints.
  The author presents improvement of procedures for transport impact analysis based on review of similar domestic and foreign systems such as environmental impact assessment, metropolitan transport improvement measures. and suggest the professional review procedure with the stage, period, target project, review contents for development of reliability of transport impact assessment system.

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  Improving private highways toll collecting systemby e-notification and easy mobile payments

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  November 30, 2020 Han-byul JANG, Yong-hun JO, Eun-su JUN

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  It has been steadily increasing for years unpaid tolls of private highways in Korea. It’s because that private highway companies have no authority to collect unpaid tolls from the debtor without judical decision. As a result, CEPHIS(Center for Private Highway Studies) was entrusted by the MOLIT under the from 17th Jan. 2019.
  In this study, Research team designed the system for collecting unpaid tolls of private highways focusing on three aspects below.
  First of all, e-notification claim messages based on smartphone should replace the expensive and slow registered mail of post office. Secondly, easy mobile payment solutions should be offered for the unpaid tolls debtor. Thirdly, toll collecting system should be linked in real time with NICE credit information company, KOSTA(Korea Transportaion Safety Authority), and other 6 agenicies.
  It is expect that the new toll collecting system of CEPHIS could increase the rate of toll collection and user convenience, while, decrease the required time for delivery and postage costs of billing.

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  A Study on Improving the Monitoring System for Effective Promotion of Road Safety Projects in Korea

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  November 30, 2020 Jae-kyung LIM․Jin-Wook OH․Hyo-Eun KIM

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  In Korea, 3,349 people died in traffic accidents in 2019 alone, of which 1,302 or about 39% were pedestrian accidents. In order to prevent such traffic accidents, the government is carrying out various road safety projects to secure road safety and reduce traffic accidents. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is implementing projects such as village residents' protection zone project, road safety facility reinforcement, improvement project for frequent traffic accidents (general national highway), and risk road improvement project (national highway).
  The road safety programs and project implemented by the government is expected to have very high investment effects and economic feasibility due to the high accident reduction effect compared to budget input. However, there is a lack of evidence management and effectiveness evaluation system to prove high effectiveness compared to budget input.
  Through this study, we examined the monitoring status of road safety projects promoted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and the National Police Agency, and reviewed major problems in the monitoring system. In addition, based on the problems, we proposed measures to improve the legal system to establish a monitoring system and to operate the organizational system to systematically manage and monitor the performance of the road safety projects.
  In this study, the Traffic Safety Act, Railroad Safety Act, Aviation Safety Act, Maritime Safety Act, Disaster and Safety Management Basic Act, and Special Act on Safety and Maintenance of Facilities were reviewed as laws related or similar to road safety projects.
  Through this, A Road Safety Law was proposed to secure the legal basis for various road safety projects that are currently being carried out without legal basis, and to continuously and systematically implement them.

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  A Study on the Establishment of Standard Terms and Conditions on the Use of Private Highway

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  November 30, 2020 Hanbyul JANG․Jinwook OH․Eunsu JUN

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  The highway is a public goods, so the construction and operation of highways are governed by the state, and the construction and management of private highways are also a patent business by the Special Purpose Company under the Public-Private Partnership of Infrastructure Act. In Korea, the private highway with a total extension length of 813.9km is currently operated based on an agreement under the Public-Private Partnership of Infrastructure Act.
  Though 19 private highway have been operated by SPCs, based on different agreement, the users of private highways want the same services regardless of whether who is the operation company, and expect more services at a high level according to economic development.
  Unlike the Korea Expressway Corporation who can request private information for tolling and surcharging, 19 private highway operators have no exceptional authority to collect unpaid tolls and surcharges, and mandatory procedures for refunding overpaid tolls, and toll management rights.
  In this study, we set forth eighteen essential provisions of the standard terms and conditions on the use of private highway.
  The establishment of the standard terms and conditions of for the use of private highway will be carried out after the discussion with with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the private highway operator, Korea Consumer Agency, and approved by the Fair Trade Commission.

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  A Study on Improving Legislation for Promoting Utilization of Personal Mobility and its Safety Management

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  • Abstract
  October 31, 2020 Heecheol SHIN․Gyeongok JEONG, Seongyong PARK

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  1. Necessity and Purpose of Research
  Recently, personal mobility has been continuously activated as part of the city's first/last mile short-distance mobility. As the relevant legal system and the policy implementation system have not been reorganized, it is difficult to enhance the convenience of users and support safe passage. Due to the recent increasing number of casualties, the legal status of personal vehicles, including electric kickboards, and the implementation of policies to reduce risk factors are continuously required.
  On the other hand, personal mobility sharing services, which have recently attracted attention due to new forms of mobility supply such as shared mobility services, are also in the spotlight, and as more and more businesses are providing such services in metropolitan areas and provincial metropolitan areas, policy management measures for the convenience of users are also required.
  Therefore, in this study, the legal status and transportation methods of personal mobility devices, measures for safe use, and issues raised in the areas of personal mobility sharing services are identified through analysis of the current status and analysis of overseas cases and drawn up as a domestic legal reform plan.
  
  2. Key Research Contents
  In this study, the current issues related to the promotion of the domestic use of personal mobility devices were analyzed through existing research and analysis of current laws and regulations to draw up pending issues.
  The ambiguous legal status of personal mobility devices and the consequent ambiguity of traffic methods were drawn, the current status of performance requirements related to products of personal mobility devices for safe operation was reviewed, and the provisions of penalties for establishing safe use of personal mobility devices were reviewed. Finally, the current status of personal mobility sharing services was reviewed and the legalization plan was reviewed.
  The legislation bill was proposed by the National Assembly through cooperation with the administration and the legislature, after coordinating opinions with relevant ministries, related local governments, experts, and industries, and drawing up a direction for the readjustment of statutes for the management and utilization of personal vehicles in Korea.
  
  3. Conclusions and Policy Proposals
  During the research period, the government tried to minimize the ambiguity of regulations related to personal mobility through consultation with related ministries and various interested parties, and selected practical alternatives among the various legislative readjustment measures presented to coordinate as many issues as possible, including the registration system of personal mobility sharing services, to reach an agreement.
  In the future, the legislative body should continue to support legislative activities based on the proposed bills, and follow-up measures such as the issue of granting the legal status of transportation means, the adjustment of traffic methods, and the issue of maintaining the supply of infrastructure should be resolved along with the relevant ministries.

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  Research on the basic direction of establishing an autonomous driving complex

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  June 30, 2020 Youngkook KIM et al.

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  The Korean government has decided on the policy direction to realize the future image of the 4th Industrial Revolution by achieving the commercialization of autonomous vehicles. To secure an edge in the next auto market, symbolized by autonomous driving, we are accelerating preparations for the future by rapidly improving related laws and systems and expanding infrastructure. The transportation service of the future is predicted to show various mobility services such as shuttle services, robot taxis, freight truck & bus platooning, unmanned delivery, and patrol, which are all based on autonomous driving. In preparation for the commercialization of these autonomous driving services, the National Agency for Administrative City Construction (NAACC) is preparing a policy aiming to create an autonomous driving complex in Sejong City.
  Traditionally, the construction of an integrated complex is a way to enhance the existing industry by applying it to the field as new technologies arrive. In an autonomous driving complex, it is necessary to use a strategy to promote R&D and industrial functions in parallel physically. The autonomous driving complex needs to construct a physical infrastructure for autonomous driving, Future Mobility Technology Center (FMTC), and R&D and industry support center converge. Besides, it is necessary to proceed by adding a policy support program.
  Sejong City is designed to enable effective mobility services by establishing a connection between internal circulation BRT and regional BRT. To utilize effectively and efficiently for the BRT system, we need to introduce a multi-transfer center where autonomous driving and conventional transportation modes can transfer. We hope that an autonomous driving complex to advance public transportation services using BRT and develop related technologies and industries. Based on these efforts, Sejong City expects to accelerate the commercialization of autonomous driving and become a leading city in autonomous driving.

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  Project to Support Private Highway Management

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  August 31, 2019 Jihyung PARK, Hyejinh LEE

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  As the Korean Government has established a national political agenda called the ‘Public Enhancement of the National Highways Network’, the expensive tolls on private highways, which are toll roads managed by the private sector, are identified as one of the main flaws in publicness. The average toll of seven of the major private highways was 1.60 times higher than those of national roads as of 2018. It is clear that the roadmap for toll management is needed to achieve real progress. Thus, this report was initiated to establish national strategies in order to enhance the publicness of a private highway by reducing tolls.
  While many experts have emphasized the publicness of roads, the research on specific factors of road publicness has not been carried out. This report defines the definition and specific requisites of the publicness of private roads. AFter this national policies and strategies are reviewed based on the definition of the publicness of private roads. Throughout this process, the paper reveals the links between the publicness of roads and tolls. Publicness should even be considered in various ways. Higher tolls are the main obstacle of enhancing road publicness, especially on Korean road networks because there is no significant improvement in the service quality for private roads. In order to have fair services for both private and national roads, the policymakers should manage the level of tolls on private roads based on the service quality of roads.
  The main issue of management policies for private highways is the private roads of the operation. Unlike national highways, the private highway have a variety of aspects such as tolls, traffic, and operating expenses. This is attributed to each characteristic of the private companies that run those roads. The guarantee of an enforcement agreement, including a dividend rate, sometimes overrides the publicness of roads. Eventually, the specific strategies considering details of each private road section must be launched to manage tolls in private roads to enhance the publicness of private highways.
  This report developed specific strategies for reducing and controlling tolls in each private road sector. Strategies are developed based on case studies. The report classified toll-cut methods based on case studies and identifies the necessary conditions and requirements for applying the methods. New toll-cut methods were also developed using expert advice. As a result, the reports suggested 6 types of methods for lowering tolls.
  Specific strategies for the road section were deduced by financial analysis based on cash flow following five steps. First, the report prioritized the private road sectors based on the level of tolls. In the second step, multiple potential methods were adopted before financial feasibility. Each private road section has multiple alternatives in this step. In the third step, financial feasibility decides the realistic possibility of alternatives. An alternative that shows the highest feasibility was adopted for the roadmap as an ideal strategy. Following this, a specific process was arranged to push forward a plan.
  As a result, the roadmap includes not only strategies but also time tables to implement strategies. The time table suggested a sequential process. This is because resources, such as manpower and budget, were limited. The roadmap shows that road sections with high tolls should be moved forward with priority. In addition, this report also suggests the policies for a complementing roadmap such as the utilization of specialized institutions or amendments to related legislation. The government is able to establish a comprehensive toll management system in Korea by referring to the various alternatives and strategies.
  

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